|
It's ironic that memory is one of the most studied aspects of learning, but it's almost never discussed in training circles except in the most superficial ways. That's probably because the research and study of memory tends to be a bit technical, which many trainers prefer to avoid, because it's hard work. We'll cover this essential field here.
Working memory - Overview
By na - Working memory is the ability to actively hold information in the mind needed to do complex tasks such as reasoning, comprehension and learning. Working memory tasks are those that require the goal orientated active monitoring or manipulation of information or behaviors in the face of interfering processes and distractions. The cognitive processes involved include the executive and attention control of short-term memory which provide for the interim integration, processing, disposal, and retrieval of information. Working memory is a theoretical concept central both to cognitive psychology and neuroscience. Theories exist both regarding the theoretical structure of working memory and the role of specific parts of the brain involved in working memory. Research identifies the frontal cortex, parietal cortex, anterior cingulate, and parts of the basal ganglia as crucial. The neural basis of working memory has been derived from lesion experiments in animals and functional imaging upon humans. A study at the University of Stirling found that people with good working memorys tend to be happy and more successful in their lives. new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 199 )Working memory (Baddeley model)
By na - The Baddeley model of working memory was proposed as an alternative to the short-term model to take into account some of the limitations of that model. Its relies heavily on a computer analogy and is shown in the following diagram: new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 473 )Human working memory is based on dynamic interaction networks in the brain
By Science Daily - A research project of the Neuroscience Center of the University of Helsinki sheds light on the neuronal mechanisms sustaining memory traces of visual stimuli in the human brain. The results show that the maintenance of working memory is associated with synchronisation of neurons, which facilitates communication between different parts of the brain. On the basis of interaction between the brain areas, it was even possible to predict the subject's individual working memory capacity. new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 257 )Working Memory
By Purdue U. - Contemporary cognitive research, summarized in Salisbury (1990), has stressed the critical importance of the working memory. Working memory is critically important in language development (Gathercole & Baddeley, 1993) and in reading (Breznitz & Share, 1992); and failures in working memory are often responsible for learning disabilities (Hulme & Mackenzie, 1992). Human beings do all their active thinking and problem solving in working memory. The quality of the input into working memory and of the operations that go on there determine the quality of learning and problem solving. There are three critical phases in the effective use of working memory: (1) getting information correctly into this short-term area, (2) handling the information appropriately while it is there, (3) moving information correctly from working memory to long-term storage, and using the information in working memory to generate some kind of output. new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 218 )Forgetting
By Purdue U. - The most frequent reason for forgetting information is difficulty in transferring it from working memory to long-term memory. In addition, we can forget because of an inability to recall information that is in long-term memory. This section will discuss specific explanation for forgetting. Fading occurs when we can no longer recall information from our memory because of disuse. In short-term memory, fading can occur very rapidly - in some cases after just a few seconds. When information fades from working memory, it disappears because the short-term space was needed for other incoming information. We can prevent this type of fading by continuing to focus attention on the information, by constantly rehearsing it, or by transferring it to long-term memory. Once information has been transferred to long-term memory, most theorists believe that it is stored there permanently. When information fades from long-term memory, what really fades is the link; that is, we cannot find a way to retrieve it - it's there, but we just can't find it. We can prevent this kind of fading by encoding the information as meaningfully as possible, by frequently retrieving it, by actively restoring it whenever we do retrieve it, and by using effective memory search strategies. new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 672 )A Computational Theory of Working Memory
By Michael Byrne - One of the key factors in understanding what interfaces will be easy to use is the limited capacity of the human information-processing system. This work outlines a theory of human working memory which is instantiated as a computational system called SPAN. Working memory and the related construct of short-term memory have a long history in psychology, and in the last decade have been used to explain differences in performance on a wide variety of tasks both at the individual level and between different age groups. The production system SPAN was constructed as an attempt to address working memory issues based on several well-established mechanisms such as decay, interference, and processing speed. One property unique to SPAN is its ability to model the use of external memory. It is this last property, combined with SPAN's explicit acknowledgment of individual differences, which gives it a great deal of promise in applications to HCI domains--particularly in the prediction of errors. new (Added: 1-Nov-2010 Hits: 205 )| Library Home Page |
Pages Updated On:
21-Dec-2011
-
20:37:26
|
|
We have much more on this topic: Please Search!
|