|
Training and instructional design need to be based on an understanding of how people learn, but there are various learning and psychological models one can use. The more you understand about multiple models of learning, the better you will be as a trainer and instructional designer.
Constructivism in learning
By JS Atherton - Constructivism is the label given to a set of theories about learning which fall somewhere between cognitive and humanistic views. If behaviourism treats the organism as a black box, cognitive theory recognises the importance of the mind in making sense of the material with which it is presented. Nevertheless, it still presupposes that the role of the learner is primarily to assimilate whatever the teacher presents. Constructivism — particularly in its "social" forms — suggests that the learner is much more actively involved in a joint enterprise with the teacher of creating ("constructing") new meanings. (Added: 27-Jan-2010 Hits: 565 )Learning how to learn
By JS Atherton - For our purposes, there are two quite different traditions about learning how to learn. One stems from the Deep and Surface learning strategies studies (about responses to being taught), and the other from the work of Gregory Bateson. Bateson maintained that many discussions about learning were confused by category errors about the kind of learning they were about. He suggested that there are a number of levels, in which each superior level is the class of its subordinates (rather like Kelly's notion of superordinate and subordinate constructs). (Added: 27-Jan-2010 Hits: 381 )Convergent and Divergent Learning
By JS Atherton - Hudson (1967) studied English schoolboys, and found that conventional measures of intelligence did not always do justice to their abilities. The tests gave credit for problem-solving which produced the "right" answer, but under-estimated creativity and unconventional approaches to problems. He concluded that there were two different forms of thinking or ability in play here: (Added: 27-Jan-2010 Hits: 360 )Attribution Theory (Weiner)
By na - Weiner’s attribution theory is mainly about achievement. According to him, the most important factors affecting attributions are ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck. Attributions are classified along three causal dimensions: locus of control (two poles: internal vs. external) stability (do causes change over time or not?) controllability (causes one can control such as skills vs. causes one cannot control such as luck, others’ actions, etc.) (Added: 27-Dec-2009 Hits: 419 )GOMS Model (Card, Moran, and Newell) at Learning Theories
By na - The GOMS Model is a human information processing model that predicts what skilled users will do in seemingly unpredictable situations. Originators and proponents: Card, Moran and Newell in 1983; Bonnie John et al. (Added: 27-Dec-2009 Hits: 352 )Cognitive Theory of Multimedia Learning (Mayer) at Learning Theories
By na - cognitive theory of multimedia learning based on three main assumptions: there are two separate channels (auditory and visual) for processing information; there is limited channel capacity; and that learning is an active process of filtering, selecting, organizing, and integrating information. (Added: 27-Dec-2009 Hits: 335 )| Library Home Page |
Pages Updated On:
21-Dec-2011
-
20:37:26
|
|
We have much more on this topic: Please Search!
|